Applications in Light-induced Spectroscopy with violet LED lamp: autofluorecence
Dr. M.E. Etcheverry1,3, M.A Pasquale2,3, M. Garavaglia1,3
1Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CCT-CONICET La Plata, UNLP and CIC-BA), Gonnet, La Plata, Argentina.
2Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (CCT-CONICET La Plata, UNLP and CICBA), La Plata, Argentina.
3Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
*Corresponding author
Dr. M.E. Etcheverry, Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CCT-CONICET La Plata, UNLP and CIC-BA), Gonnet, La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
Figure 1: Scheme of the experimental arrangement for characterizing the LED lamp. At one end of the optical bench the LED source is located, and the tip of the fiber optic connected to the spectrometer, is placed at the other end, at a known distance. The spectrometer records the illuminance and allows expressing radiometric analogue units.
Figure 2: Scheme of autofluorescence point monitoring system: the excitation is external to the detector, and the detected emission light travels apart through an optical fiber.
Figure 3: Converging lens design: a) Schematic drawing from lens data sheet; b) drawing the profile using the Blender 2.76 program; c) Application of spin tool to obtain the solid of revolution of the profile drawn in b); d) simulated lens with better definition than c), which was exported to Zemax; e) system of lens-LED in Zemax, and analysis of the emission on a detector surface located at 20 cm of the LED; f) photograph of the real lens.
Figure 4: Radiant intensity for different n and Lambertian fractions for d = 20 cm and detector area 12 cm x 12 cm, i.e., 100 x 100 pixels: a) n = 10,000, Lambertian fraction: 1/10; b) n = 50,000, Lambertian fraction: 0.55 / 1; c) n = 50,000, Lambertian fraction: 1/10.
Figure 5: Construction of the LED source with a maximum total power of 12W achieved with four 405 nm-LEDs of 3 W each. a) LED-heat sink system., a 3W high power LED is coupled to a single heat sink; b) Lens-LED- heatsink system, made up of a lens of 8◦ coupled to the LED-heat sink system; c) photograph of the 12W LED lamp with all four lens-LED-heat sink systems; d) 12W LED lamp power supply, with the possibility of turning on one, two, three or four LEDs simultaneously. Furthermore, it is possible to regulate the intensity of each LED and thus the overall source output; e) photograph of the constructed source with four focused LEDs illuminating a perpendicular surface; f) scheme of a single LED system consisting in a LED with an 8-degree lens coupled to the LED-heat sink on a mobile arm; g) Scheme of the four focused LEDs.
Figure 6: a) Irradiance for different Lambertian fractions. Comparison between the simulated violet LED lamp (vertical bars) with the physical measurement (horizontal line); b) Comparison between simulated and measured irradiance as a function of 1 / d2 for the LED lamp.
Figure 7: (a and b) Photographs of the lesion at the head of a patient before (a) and after (b) the treatment with a clinical red laser source. (c) Average fluorescence spectrum from lesions before treatment (black circles), and fluorescence spectrum from the skin of the hand (red circles) taken as healthy skin. The reference curve obtained from the decaying tail of the peak at 505 nm is shown in dashed lines. (d) Fluorescence spectrum from treated lesions. After subtracting the reference curve, a rather clear peak in the 600 – 700 nm range related to an increased amount of PpIX in untreated pathological regions, can be distinguished in comparison to treated ones, as depicted in the insets.
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